Gizmo Of The Week: Plate Tectonics

In their liquid state as magma or lava, the magnetic poles of the minerals align themselves with the Earth's magnetic field. Mueller, S., and Phillips, R. J., 1991, On the initiation of subduction: J. Student exploration plate tectonics answer key.com. The shallowly-subducting slab pushes against the overriding plate and creates an area of deformation on the overriding plate many kilometers away from the subduction zone. A mid-ocean ridge usually originates in a continental plate as a rift zone that expands to the point of splitting the plate apart, with seawater filling in the gap. When a geological feature is cut by a fault, it is called a piercing point.

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Student Exploration Plate Tectonics Answer Key 2020

Now is my chance to help others. B., Pinkerton, H., Norton, G. E., and Pyle, D. M., 1990, Physicochemical properties of alkali carbonatite lavas:Data from the 1988 eruption of Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania: Geology, v. 18, no. Pangea was preceded by earlier supercontinents, one of which was Rodinia, which existed 1. Upload your study docs or become a. The Persian Gulf is possibly the best modern example, created entirely by the weight of the nearby Zagros Mountains. Video showing continental-oceanic subduction, causing volcanism. The dual spines of the Andes Mountain range include an example of compressional thrust faulting. The oceanic crust has a relatively high density, especially when cold and old, and its composition is similar to basalt. When a portion of the continental crust is driven down into the subduction zone, due to its buoyancy it returns to the surface relatively quickly. Student exploration plate tectonics answer key chemistry. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller. The best type of piercing point includes unique patterns that are used to match the parts of a geological feature separated by fault movement.

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Slab-pull proposes the plates are pulled apart by descending slabs in the subduction zones of the oceanic-continental margins. As an oceanic plate descends, it pulls the ocean floor down into a trench. Hutson, P., Middleton, J., and Miller, D., 2003, Collision Zones: Online,, accessed June 2017. 4 Divergent Boundaries. Gizmo of the Week: Plate Tectonics. 2 Layers of the Earth. Rocks found near ridges are younger than those found far away from any ridges. Wegener's first piece of evidence was that the coastlines of some continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. If the extension activity is extensive and deep enough, a backarc basin can develop into a continental rifting zone.

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Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo. No, you only buy this summary for €12. For example, they estimate Pangea began separating 200 million years ago. When continental plates converge, during the closing of an ocean basin, for example, subduction is not possible between the equally buoyant plates. Hanks, T. C., and Anderson, D. L., 1969, The early thermal history of the earth: Phys. Student exploration plate tectonics answer key worksheet. When it does emerge, the eruptions are generally much more violent. This is the most common surface-fracture pattern to develop on an evenly expanding sphere because it uses the least amount of energy. Describe the Wilson Cycle, beginning with continental rifting, ocean basin creation, plate subduction, and ending with ocean basin closure. This information—along with other evidence gathered from rock ages, vegetation types, and island size—indicates the oldest islands in the chain are located the furthest away from the active hotspot. When a subducting slab becomes stuck and cannot descend, a massive amount of energy builds up between the stuck plates.

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One mechanism proposes that rifting happens because continental plates reflect the heat much better than oceanic plates. 1130/0016-7606(1970)81[3513:IOPTFT]2. ;2. Earthquakes and volcanoes form at the boundaries where the plates interact, with the exception of volcanic hotspots, which are not caused by plate movement. Stern, R. J., 2004, Subduction initiation: spontaneous and induced: Earth Planet. The continental lithosphere is of lower density and thus more buoyant than the underlying asthenosphere. Kearey, P., Klepeis, K. A., and Vine, F. J., 2009, Global Tectonics: Oxford; Chichester, West Sussex; Hoboken, NJ, Wiley-Blackwell, 496 p. - Le Pichon, X., 1968, Sea-floor spreading and continental drift: J. Collision zones are characterized by tall, non-volcanic mountains; a broad zone of frequent, large earthquakes; and very little volcanism. Subduction occurs when a dense oceanic plate meets a more buoyant plate, like a continental plate or warmer/younger oceanic plate, and descends into the mantle. 2 Proposed Mechanism for Continental Drift. Oceanic-Continental subduction. Crust, lithosphere and mantle. Question: How is new crust formed? What was a previous earthquake recorded in the area?

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Broad rifts also have numerous fault zones, but they are distributed over wide areas of deformation. Note: You can refer to a world map or atlas for location names. Did you know that Iceland is growing in size every year? Draw an arrow to show which way the plate moved. In 1959, Harry Hess proposed the hypothesis of seafloor spreading – that the mid-ocean ridges represented tectonic plate factories, where new oceanic plate was issuing from these long volcanic ridges. All subduction zones have a forearc basin, a feature of the overriding plate found between the volcanic arc and oceanic trench. In places where the rift arms do not fail, for example, the Afar Triangle, three divergent boundaries can develop near each other forming a triple junction. When this molten magma reaches the weakened and fault-riddled rift zone, it migrates to the surface by breaking through the plate or escaping via an open fault. Hagstrum, J. T., 2005, Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause? When a plate tectonic plate moves, the crust underneath it shifts, causing the crust on top of the plate to be pulled downward, causing that part of the crust to become less dense. Like the Hawaiian version, the Yellowstone hotspot is formed by magma rising through the lithosphere. When the two plates both contain continental crust, it is called a collisional boundary. This movement is caused by frictional drag created between the plates and differences in plate densities. Of course, it is difficult to collect data from these deep-Earth features due to the extremely high pressure and temperature.

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You're not tied to anything after your purchase. Both oceanic and continental plates can contain volcanic arcs. The land bridges eventually eroded away, leaving the continents permanently separated. Bacon, F., and Montagu, B., 1848, The Works of Francis Bacon, Lord Chancellor of England: With a Life of the Author: The Works of Francis Bacon, Lord Chancellor of England: With a Life of the Author, Parry & McMillan, The Works of Francis Bacon, Lord Chancellor of England: With a Life of the Author. At divergent boundaries, sometimes called constructive boundaries, lithospheric plates move away from each other. 1959–1982., doi: 10. Most of what we know about the mantle comes from seismic wave analysis, though information is also gathered by studying ophiolites and xenoliths. Active margins are places where the oceanic and continental lithospheric tectonic plates meet and move relative to each other, such as the western coasts of North and South America. Question: What happens when two continents collide? Obviously, the continents did not appear to move, and changing the conservative minds of the scientific community would require exceptional evidence that supported a credible mechanism.

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Why did Mount Saint Helens erupt in 1980? Wadati-Benioff Zones. After reviewing the scientific literature, he published a hypothesis stating the continents were originally connected, and then drifted apart. A., editor, Fiftieth anniversary symposia: Mineralogy and petrology of the Upper Mantle; Sulfides; Mineralogy and geochemistry of non-marine evaporites: Washington, DC, Mineralogical Society of America, p. 3–32. Eventually, scientists realized adding the idea of continental movement explained the data better than pole movement alone. What properties does the crust have?

These trenches can be more than twice as deep as the average depth of the adjacent ocean basin, which is usually three to four km.

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